Why the caged bird sings: issues with the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse

In 2013, the Aboriginal Legal Service of Western Australia (Inc) (‘ALSWA’) received funding from the Federal Government to support the activities of the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse (‘RCIIRCSA’). Since its inception, ALSWA has been a strong advocate for recognition of, and reparation for, the various state practices of forced removal of Aboriginal children into institutional care, which took place until the 1970s and came to be known as the Stolen Generations. Given the state policies in relation to the Stolen Generations, and the continued disproportionate number of Aboriginal children in out-of-home care, it is a logical inference that Aboriginal people are disproportionately affected by institutional child sexual abuse. However, for a number of reasons, which will be discussed in this article, ALSWA is concerned that the extent of institutional child sexual abuse against Aboriginal children will be under-reported to the Commission

Building a Framework for Professional Commitment: Stories of Professional Growth in an Undergraduate Introduction to Pharmacy Course

Social and Behavioral SciencesWith admissions to PharmD programs becoming increasingly competitive, sophisticated pre-pharmacy preparation is becoming increasingly important. Admissions committees are now looking at measures beyond academic merit to assess potential for success within a PharmD program and the profession. Factors such as motivation to become a pharmacist and attitudes regarding patient-centered care are being evaluated in application reviews and interviews of candidates. Applicants to PharmD programs are expected to exhibit commitment to the profession before entering pharmacy school. Little research has been done to analyze how students develop this commitment. This study attempts to determine how an undergraduate introductory course helps pre-professional students develop an informed commitment to the pharmacy profession. Students enrolled in Pharmacy 4511H were interviewed at the beginning and end of the course, as well as observed during selected class sessions throughout the semester. Eleven questions were asked in the first interview. In the follow-up interview, the same eleven questions were asked as well as four additional questions. Methods to enhance the credibility of this naturalistic research include prolonged engagement and persistent observation, negative case analyses, triangulation, progressive subjectivity, and member-checks. Coding and analysis of the interview transcripts shows that, with one exception, every student in the course solidified or increased their commitment to the profession. Students’ vocabulary when discussing pharmacy became more sophisticated as a result of taking this course. In general, students developed a more focused passion for the profession and were able to make more informed decisions regarding their career aspirations than they were able to previously. These preliminary findings suggest that an introductory pre-professional course can positively influence students’ conceptualization of and commitment to their intended careers. In the interest of developing competitive professional school applicants, other health professional schools could benefit from offering an introductory undergraduate course to improve applicants’ commitment.Academic Major: Pharmaceutical Science

Fintech Regulations in the United States Compared to Regulations in Europe and Asia

Fintech, or financial technology, is an up and coming industry and yet at the same time has been around since the 1950s. In Europe and Asia, there has been a lot of innovation, and lawmakers have been forced to keep up with regulating the rapidly growing industry. However, the United States has not risen to the occasion of properly regulating this industry and can learn from countries in Europe and Asia on how to effectively regulate fintech. This essay explains generally what fintech is, why it must be properly regulated, how countries in Europe and Asia regulate it, and how the US should begin to implement their own regulations. Fintech is already a lucrative business that will just continue to spread and grow. However, without the proper regulation, it could become a hazard that affects many different people, but with the proper regulations, it can become a very helpful and profitable tool. Using the method of comparative analysis, the objective of this thesis is to make a recommendation for how the United States can begin regulating fintech

Retired Indigenous And Non-Indigenous College Student Athletes\u27 Mental Health Relating To Athletic Identity, Cultural Identity, And Career Transition

To date, empirical studies have investigated the transition or retirement phase, following the conclusion of a student-athletes’ four-year career as a comparison between student-athletes and non-athletes. Specifically, when investigating these constructs, researchers have failed to thoroughly investigate the role cultural identity may play in mitigating psychological symptoms during the transition phase. As such, this study will seek to investigate both Indigenous and non-Indigenous retired college student- athletes, during the transition phase, in terms of the degree to which they identified with their athletic identity, cultural identity and career transition. It is expected those retired Indigenous and non-Indigenous student- athletes who identified significantly with their athletic identity during the transition phase, will experience greater mental health symptoms. Further, it is expected retired Indigenous student- athletes, whom possessed strong cultural associations, will have experienced less mental health symptoms, during the transition phase. Lastly, the psychological symptoms and coping strategies experienced by both Indigenous and non-Indigenous retired student-athletes will be examined. It is expected retired student-athletes who possessed a strong athletic identity combined with an insignificant cultural association, will experience greater psychological symptoms, and demonstrate maladaptive coping strategies. Understanding the association between these variables may be beneficial for future Indigenous and non-Indigenous student-athletes during the transition phase, with the intent of minimizing mental health symptoms and subsequently learning effective coping skills and strategies

The Most Environmentally Beneficial Option: An Analysis on sPower’s Solar Project in relation to the Endangered Species Act

Today, the current impacts of high greenhouse gas emissions due to energy production have been widely discussed in scholarly literature. In 2018, the University of Richmond (UR) announced a goal to match 100% of the campus\u27 electricity demand with solar energy to decrease its carbon footprint. UR partnered with sPower to construct a 500-megawatt solar array in which UR will receive the 20-megawatts worth of energy from the site in Spotsylvania, Virginia. sPower’s solar project engendered various environmental concerns surrounding Fawn Lake and the endangered species found in the proximity of the project. Acknowledging the environmental concerns, the objective of this project was to examine if sPower’s solar power project is in violation of the Endangered Species Act of 1973. The aims of this project were to analyze the complex issue from a lens of political ecology, which strives to find answers that promote economic prosperity and environmental sustainability while considering the voices of all stakeholders and communities involved. The study consisted of constructing a series of infographics that bridge gaps between the scientific, social, and political perspectives. These short graphic explanations allow for a holistic analysis to be completed before drawing conclusions to the question. Results show that sPower’s project cannot be considered to be in violation of the Endangered Species Act, given their consultations with the United States Fish and Wildlife Services and subsequent approval for the project. Paper prepared for the Environmental Studies Senior Seminar. Faculty Advisor: Dr. David Kitche

Hunting And Fishing Attitudes, Behaviors And Ethics Related To Gender And Aggression

To date, no empirical studies have investigated the relationship between psychopathology (or other constructs) pertaining to hunting and fishing attitudes, behaviors and ethics relating to gender and aggression. Although experienced outdoorspeople assumedly adhere to, or are at least aware of, general hunting and fishing codes of ethics, many disregard them. This study investigates the differences between men and women on these variables by utilizing a newly developed measure of hunting and fishing attitudes and beliefs, the Sportsperson Attitude Scale (SAS) (McDonald, Williams, Sargent & McDonald 2017). This measure was created in order to better understand the potential motivators and reinforcers of both positive and negative outdoor behaviors. In addition, the Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) (Buss & Perry 1992) will be utilized to investigate potential concurrent validity, as well to corroborate SAS characteristics. More specifically, this study will compare SAS and BPAQ scores to determine relationships between primary constructs each scale measures, and then further investigate these findings in accordance with gender, as well as other demographic items further detailed herein. Understanding the association between these variables may enhance one’s understanding of motives behind unethical hunting behaviors and attitudes

Parental Emotion Invalidation, Emotion Inhibition, and Rumination in Relation to Adolescent Depression

This study tested a conceptual model which incorporated parental emotion invalidation of sadness, emotion inhibition, and rumination as contributing factors to depressive symptoms in adolescence. Adolescents completed questionnaires measuring their own emotion inhibition, rumination, and depression as well as their perceptions of their parents\u27 invalidating reponses towards their sadness. Parents completed questionnaires measuring their perceptions of their invalidating responses towards their adoelscents\u27 sadness, their perception of their adoelscents\u27 sadness inhibition, and their perception of their adolescents\u27 depressive symptoms. Path analyses were conducted to examine the direct and indirect relations among the four variables. Results showed that emotion inhibition and rumination were associated with depression, but not each other. Parental emotion invalidation predicted emotion inhibition and depression, but not rumination. Findings suggest that parental emotion invalidation may be differentially related to different components of emotion regulation and that multiple components of emotion regulation should be considered in relation to adolescent depression

A Comparative Study Of Business Women\u27s Attitudes Toward Work

Although feminism has made its contribution to the American woman\u27s improved status, many conditions are operative in shaping her present life pattern over which women themselves have had little control. These influences have been found in our economic growth, which has created a need for women in paid employment; in work mechanization, which has increased the number of jobs to which women are physically adapted; in generally better working conditions; in a new psychological need among women; and in our social philosophy. Even though the greater number and variety of work opportunities was cited as a major factor in drawing women into the labor force, closely related to this cause is the awareness of self-image arid the need for satisfaction. The Statement of the Problem This study proposed to compare the attitudes of women in business toward work. More specifically, this study was designed to determine and analyze the attitudes of business women employed in the southwest section of Houston, Texas toward work. The Subproblems The following subproblems v/ere derived from the problem of this study: I. The first subproblem. The first subproblem v/as to compare the attitudes of business women toward work ethnicity. 2. The second subproblem. The second subproblem was to compare the attitudes of business women tov/ard work by age. 3. The third subproblem. The third subproblem was to compare the attitudes of business women toward work by education. 4. The fourth subproblem. The fourth subproblem was to compare the attitudes of business women toward work by occupation

The causal role of appraisal biases upon negative repetitive thinking and emotional reactivity.

Attributional style is hypothesised to causally contribute to depression vulnerability through influencing both emotional response and rumination following life events. Consistent with this hypothesis, Peters et al. (2011) found that training individuals towards a pessimistic attributional style, characterised by internal-stable attributions for negative events and external-unstable attributions for positive events, resulted in greater negative mood and emotional reactivity to perceived failure, relative to training a resilient attributional style characterized by the reverse pattern of attributions. To date, however, the relative contribution of the internal-external and stable-unstable dimensions, their interaction, and their application to positive or negative events upon influencing emotional response and, by theoretical extension, risk for depression, remains unresolved. To resolve this question, 80 participants received training manipulating attributional style along four dimensions (i.e., internal versus external attributions for negative events; internal versus external attributions for positive events; stable versus unstable attributions for negative events; stable versus unstable attributions for positive events) in a 24 orthogonal factorial design. Participants then completed a perceived failure induction task. Measures of emotion and state rumination were completed pre-manipulation, post- manipulation, and post-induction. The internality dimension for positive and, separately, negative events influenced both immediate emotional response and emotional reactivity. Stable attributions for negative events increased negative emotional response and moderated the effect of internal attributions for negative events: internal attributions to negative resulted in greater emotional reactivity relative to external attributions, but only in the context of stable attributions for negative events. Both internal and stable dimensions also had independent effects. These findings identifying the active components driving the effect of attributional style upon emotional reactivity suggest slight revisions and refinements to attribution models of depression vulnerability. Furthermore, it provides further evidence that attributional style can be modified and furthers understanding of how CBM-attribution training could be developed as a potential intervention for the treatment of depression

How Black Women Experience Student Debt

Forty-five million Americans collectively owe $1.7 trillion in student loan debt, and women hold nearly two-thirds of it. But because of the gender pay gap, women are more likely than men to have trouble paying off their debt.[1] Black borrowers are the group most negatively affected by student loans, in large part because of systemic racism, the inequitable distribution of wealth, a stratified labor market, and rising college costs. Because Black women exist at the intersection of two marginalized identities and experience sexism and racism at the same time, they make less money and often need to borrow more to cover the cost of attendance, and struggle significantly with repayment.Drawing on data from federal sources and our National Black Student Debt Study, How Black Women Experience Student Debt shows how the student debt crisis is the result of failed and intentionally racist policies.The student debt crisis among Black women is the result of failed and intentionally racist policies. Policymakers must act. The Biden administration and Congress should take the following actions to end the student debt crisis and make college affordable for future students:More than 80$50,000 of federal student debt and opposes limiting eligibility for cancellation by income, loan type, or degree type (e.g., undergraduate vs. graduate degree).In the absence of total broad-based debt cancellation, the Biden administration should make significant improvements to income-driven repayment (IDR) plans to make monthly payments more affordable, reduce negative amortization, and shorten the time-to-forgiveness window.To make college affordable, Congress should double the Pell Grant and create federal-state partnerships to make public college debt free